Students demonstrate basic understanding and safe use of electronic components.

● Be able to identify common components by sight and symbol (resistors, capacitors, LEDs, diodes, switches, relays, fuses).

● Explain the function of each component in a circuit.

● Demonstrate correctly orientation of polarized components (e.g., electrolytic capacitors, diodes, LEDs).

● Demonstrate component connections in simple circuits (breadboard or prototype board).

● Read and interpret component values (resistor color codes, capacitor ratings).

● Measure component values using a multimeter (resistance, continuity, voltage drop).

● Demonstrate basic use of fuses and circuit protection.

Students can design, assemble, and troubleshoot circuits using components.

● Build functional circuits independently using multiple components (switches, LEDs, resistors, relays).

● Select components with appropriate ratings for the robot’s electrical system.

● Troubleshoot malfunctioning circuits: identify shorts, open circuits, and incorrect component orientation.

● Use a multimeter or oscilloscope to verify component operation in a live circuit.

● Understand and implement basic debouncing, current-limiting, and protection techniques for components.

● Document circuits using a schematic or wiring diagram.

● Teach or assist another student in assembling a small circuit or troubleshooting a component fault.

Students lead others in electronics design, testing, and integration for the robot.

● Lead the design of a robot subsystem circuit, specifying all component types, ratings, and placement.

● Supervise the assembly and testing of complex circuits, ensuring safe and reliable operation.

● Train and mentor team members in component selection, testing, and troubleshooting techniques.

● Develop team standards for electronics assembly (color coding, labeling, orientation conventions).

● Analyze and improve circuit designs for efficiency, safety, and reliability.

● Oversee integration of electronics circuits into the robot’s overall electrical system.

● Lead post-build troubleshooting and repair for component-level failures during competition.